Modular Exponentiation

Calculate (base^exp) % mod efficiently using binary exponentiation.

Code

Algorithms

$result = 1;
$b = $base % $mod;
$e = $exp;
while ($e > 0) {
    if ($e % 2 === 1) $result = ($result * $b) % $mod;
    $e = intdiv($e, 2);
    $b = ($b * $b) % $mod;
}
return $result;

Parameters

base(number)

Base number

exp(number)

Exponent

mod(number)

Modulus

Server

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